![]() Exceptions will be made for posts containing singular applications or hardware configurations if the post is a benchmark for unreleased AMD hardware or a world record Rule 11: Posts with the benchmark flair must contain multiple games or configurations of hardware. You must submit the Tweet, article, video or other content as a link post Rule 10: Do not use Google AMP links, URL shorteners or post screenshots of Tweets, articles, videos or other content. Posts with altered titles will be removed and repeat offenders may be banned Rule 9: Changing the title of posts is not allowed, you must use the suggested Reddit title or copy/paste the title of the original link/video/article Straw and Reddit polls are simple questions resulting in a yes/no answer or soliciting another ballot-type response Rule 8: Straw polls and Reddit polls are not allowed - we encourage discussion and debate. Rule 7: Shitposts, memes and other low-effort posts are not allowed on /r/AMD Sapphire, XFX, HP, Dell) must be flaired appropriately as rumor Rule 6: Posts containing leaks, rumors, speculation or with other information not confirmed by AMD or one of AMD's partners (e.g. Pictures of boxes are not allowed under any circumstances this includes packaging and damaged packaging Rule 5: Battlestation posts, PC builds and pictures of PC components are only allowed between 0:00 UTC Saturday and 0:00 UTC Monday If a post is made and it is not clear how it relates to AMD, an explanation in the thread will be required that details why it is relevant, if the post lacks said comment, it will be removedĬontent that is primarily about a competitor, their technologies, products or other industry that merely references AMD, their products or technologies would not meet this criteria Rule 4: All posts must be related to AMD, their technologies or products Rule 3: Be civil and follow side-wide rules, this means no insults, personal attacks, slurs, brigading, mass mentioning users or other rude behaviourĭiscussing politics or religion is also not allowed on /r/AMD Rule 2: e-Begging, asking for free PCs, sponsorships, components, posting referral or affiliate links, as well as asking for buying or selling advice is not allowed on /r/AMD You may also want to use /r/AMDHelp, /r/TechSupport, /r/buildapc and AMD's official community support forums Rule 1: PC build questions and Tech Support posts are only allowed in the Questions and Tech Support Megathread - you can find the latest linked in the sidebar or pinned on the front page. ![]() ![]() r/AMD is community run and does not represent AMD in any capacity unless specified. Welcome to /r/AMD - the subreddit for all things AMD come talk about Ryzen, Radeon, Threadripper, EPYC, rumors, reviews, news and more. ![]() Latest PC build question and Tech Support Megathread I guess I'll test benchmarks in some games and compare the two power plans, but I'm just trying to find out what I'm getting into./r/AMD Discord Official AMD Discord FILTER BY: NEWS REVIEW RUMOR PHOTO Latest Drivers & Tech Support Total War series.)Ģ) Are there negative consequences when using High Performance? My laptop is often whirring away quite loudly would High Performance increase that? Could components overheat and get damaged?ģ) Has anyone here noticed any particular improvements when using the High Performance plan instead of Balanced? I was wondering if it using the High Performance plan when gaming would improve things?ġ) What exactly does the High Performance plan change? Does it allow you to get more out of the GPU, or is it using the cores of the CPU better? Are there particular games it might have more of an impact on? (I'm thinking maybe of games that use the CPU more, e.g. I always have my laptop set on the Balanced power plan. It performs pretty well for most games, but as I'm now a PC gamer I'm always wanting to get more out of it. I've got a pretty decent gaming laptop (Intel Quad Core i7-3630QM 2.4GHz, 8GB RAM, GeForce GTX 675MX) which I do my gaming on when it's plugged into a power supply. ![]()
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![]() ![]() can someone tell me the right software to use and the right settings pertaining to my BIOS? thanks in advance. However, when you click through the link provided, do scroll down to find the free. ![]() but i desperately need to scan my laptop with KRD-18. Youre unlikely to need anything more than Kasperskys main scanner, though, because its one of the best around. the only change is that my USB stick has worn out. The only way to escape from this was CTRL+ALT+DEL.Īfter this i tried many such softwares, like Win32 Disk Imager, SARDU pro, ventoy, YUMI std, UUI, unetbootin, xboot, in both DD mode and ISO mode but none of them can boot the USB. but, attempting to boot from this flash drive resulted in the following: I tried the steps using rufus-3.5p and rufus-3.6p which automatically show option of the target system as “BIOS or UEFI”. but rufus-3.11p recognizes the ISO as meant for UEFI only and even if i set the partition scheme as “MBR”, there is no option to change the target system from “UEFI (non-CSM)” i chose “YES” to download the grub 2.02 but the resulting USB stick cannot be booted by my BIOS. For example, Kaspersky Internet Security.I followed the instructions to create KRD using rufus on my USB flash drive. If you require customer service, proceed to the paid version of a Kaspersky application. Describe your issue in detail and attach the received file.
![]() ![]() Content can also be changed, such as altering the font, color, and the text itself.Īnd it’s all housed within a refreshingly clean user interface. The program is impressively kitted out for PDF editing, splitting pages into boxes that can be moved and resized. It also comes with more standard features, such as a converter, and has good OCR capabilities.” Elsewhere, you’ll find outstanding PDF converter tools and eSignature tools. In our review, we described EaseUS’ offering as “a powerful, PC-only PDF editing software tool that allows you to manipulate and alter documents with relative ease. The Pro version opens up the software, however. This works great in a pinch, but it restricted in many ways - not least adding a watermark to your documents. Unlike many of the best Acrobat alternatives, EaseUS has a free, but limited version available alongside the Pro version. You’ll also find two upgraded versions of the PDF editing software - Pro and Pro + - which add additional features for power-users.ĮaseUS PDF Editor is the ideal choice if you’re on a PC - it’s one of the best alternatives to Adobe Acrobat for Windows. If on-going payments are one of the reasons you’re looking for the best Adobe Acrobat alternatives, there’s the opportunity to pick up a perpetual license for a one-off purchase. Pricing for Foxit PDF Editor is flexible, with monthly and yearly subscriptions. The feature is a boon for compliant-conscious teams who understand the importance of adhering to global data laws. We were impressed with how easily they worked, thoroughly scrubbing sensitive data from documents. ![]() Indeed, the redaction tools were a special highlight for us. In our Foxit PDF Editor review, we felt it might not offer enough value to casual users, but the multi-platform PDF editor app was great for businesses who regularly need to manipulate, edit, redact, annotate, and alter PDF documents. One neat feature is being able to drag files of other formats - such as converting Excel to PDF or using the PowerPoint to PDF converter. This includes watermarking, adding headers and footers, tailoring password permissions, creating templates, and converting other documents to PDFs. The company's best Adobe Acrobat alternative, Foxit PDF Editor, offers dozens of useful features. ![]() ![]() Like Adobe, Foxit has been offering PDF tools for decades, and users can take confidence from the many high-profile endorsements proudly listed on the Foxit site, with the likes of Amazon, Google, Dell, and Intel among them. The experience might not quite match Adobe’s fluid workflow, but it’s a price you can’t beat.įoxit PDF Editor is a stellar substitute for Adobe Acrobat. PDF24 Creator is available free and unlimited. Praising Acrobat for its inclusion of tools for almost use-cases, we noted, “the only exception is if you need something more advanced for filling out forms, in which case an editor like PDF24 Creator or PDFZilla could work better, despite looking a bit clunkier.” We even felt it bested Adobe in one area. The interface is clean and fresh and emphasizes productivity - you can quickly find what you need and what to do. Extras like OCR and eSign are well-implemented. Tools for PDF creation, compressing, merging, and converting are all present and results are grand. It’s packed full of features, and comes with everything you might need to create and edit a PDF document.” PDF24 Creator isn’t just one of the best Adobe Acrobat alternatives for Windows - it’s also our top pick for best free PDF editor overall.ĭespite the no-cost approach, the tool - a PC-only desktop app that works offline and is ideal for low-spec PCs - is surprisingly feature-rich.ĭuring our time with the software, we rated it as “one of the best examples of free tools that go above and beyond. ![]() ![]() Note: American Horror Story Season 5 Episode 2 air Wednesday October 17 at 10/9c on FX.Emma Corrin Hopes to Solve A Murder at the End of the World in Trailer for Hulu Mystery - Plus, Get New Release Date Did you enjoy this new chapter in the FX hit? Did Lady Gaga surpass your expectations? What do you expect to happen in the coming weeks? Hit the comments below and look out for our Round Table! Yes, he's the new owner, but don't expect him to stick around very long. Straight off the bat, Will is the weak link. They really need to see a hair stylist as I think that was their scariest feature. The kids haunting everyone were freaking creepy. I hope she pops back up and causes some drama. The return of Marcy wasn't as good as I expected it to be. Also, why does she have this crazy hold over everyone? ![]() She could be lying to Iris and everyone else. Is Elizabeth the original owner, or is she just the manager? I can't seem to figure this one out. Let's hope the show has a more consistent run this time round. It had everything you'd expect from this crazy show and more. I can't help but feel like the role of Elizabeth was written for Lange if she so wanted to sign up though. I never ever thought that Gaga would be a worthy successor to Jessica Lange, but she is. There are pretty much hundreds of questions that are up in the air, but the show has me hooked so far. Loughlin: People aren't supposed to live in hotels.Įlizabeth: Well, maybe this place is special. Yes, the show is known for being weird, but that was just a bit out there. I couldn't believe what was going on after that foursome turned into a twosome. Speaking of Elizabeth, she is a cold-blooded killer along with Donovan. If we're to believe the room Elizabeth took Loughlin too, then Holden is very much alive and she has him in that darn room. There has to be a reason he knows there is some conflict in this dude's life, right? ![]() If he stops, he thinks about things too much and that's what Dennis O'Hare's Liz pointed out to him. His son, Holden, disappeared a few years back and that's why he's been dedicating his life to his job. John's back story is pretty interesting too. You've lost something and now you're frozen. You've lost something and now you're frozen in time. Don't even get me started on that scene with Schmidt from New Girl getting raped by sex crazed monster. The room in which he's receiving calls from a crazed killer who is promising to kill people in the room. ![]() He's being stalked by a mysterious killer, so what does he do? He moves into room 64. John is a particularly engaging character. The series in the past has tried to do too much in the opener, but this one was just right. Sure, they had a lot to set up, but I'm glad they've reserved some of the other big characters for future episodes. I was really impressed at just how much story they managed to fit into this opening episode. Why do ghosts always have to terrorize humans? Wouldn't it be good if they could just chill forever and watch some Netflix? That'd be the ultimate afterlife. It was interesting that they used ghosts again and referenced how they were stuck in their place of death. The style was very similar to Murder House and that's not a bad thing. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Click this, and drag the device into the blank space of the project. Now, the newly installed appliance should show up under End Devices. Once you have found the device you want, click “Install”, then “Next” to install on the main server, then “Finish”. I’ll be choosing the “Ubuntu Docker Guest” as docker containers start up in just a few seconds. You will want to install an appliance from the server, so click “Next >”, expand “Guests”, and scroll to find an appliance that interests you. To get started and testing things, go to End Devices and click “+ New template”. These buttons contain what are called templates, templates are virtual devices that can be manipulated just as if they were the real deal.Īll of these are relatively self explanatory, the last “Add a link” is for connecting devices together using a virtual network cable. On the left hand side of the window, you will find a toolbar with the following icons:įrom top to bottom, these items are Routers, Switches, End Devices, Security Devices, All Devices, and Add a link. Go to File > New blank project, name the new project whatever you want.Click ‘Apply’ and close the preferences window.Fill out the ‘user’ and ‘password’ fields (Default user is ‘gns3’ and password is ‘password’).Change the port to ‘80 TCP’ (Or the port you have it set to if you’ve changed it).Change ‘Host’ to the IP address of your server.If you are running the GNS3 server on a remote machine.If you are running the GNS3 server on your local machine, go ahead and create a new project, name it whatever you want.Here, a dialog shows to create a new project. Cisco Modeling Labs IOSv router/switch images.Download the GNS3 Client from the official website.A GNS3 VM server, or server running on your local machine.GNS3 allows you to build out and design networks without having to buy all of the expensive hardware to do so. When diving into learning networking, GNS3 is a great tool to get started. ![]() ![]() Two bedrooms each with their own bath is on the second floor complemented by a separate loft area and sitting nook. The home is perfectly laid out for entertaining with some privacy – one bed and full bath, plus a separate living area, which could easily be an office /den or 4th bedroom, are all located on the main level. This home was constructed for year-round living there is winter water and a forced air heating system so you can find yourself here in all four seasons. Here you can lose yourself in the colossal views of the lake and Mt. This lake house features a large open living area with open beam ceilings, a Rumford wood burning fireplace and sliding doors leading onto the deck. Situated on a secluded, wooded 2.5+ Acre lot, follow the long winding driveway to the 2,700 +/-sf, two-story home nestled in the forest as your own private hideaway. ![]() The property is vast with some 120 feet of lake frontage and a private pier – these features are not easy to find on Fallen Leaf Lake. Now one of the best locations on Fallen Leaf Lake is available, and you can own a fabulous lakefront property in paradise. Accessibility: These trails are not designed to be handicapped accessible. Weather conditions can change rapidly in the Sierra mountains bring a jacket, carry lots of water and allow plenty of time for your trip. Perhaps considered exclusive, as a uniquely nostalgic destination that brings families back season after season, its untouched natural beauty offers prime swimming, boating, hiking, fishing and more. Providing a spectacular view of Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, and Desolation Wilderness, this strenuous hike is well worth the effort. ![]() Spanning nearly 3 miles, this glacial freshwater lake is a unique gem in the Sierra Nevada. Water is cold so I suggest you bring a towel regardless you plan to jump in or not as balance and gravity are always working against you.Extraordinary Opportunity at Fallen Leaf Lake! The essence of Fallen Leaf Lake is challenging to describe. TRPA Code section 2.2.2F.2 requires that new shorezone structures (except those identified for Governing Board review) are subject to Hearings Officer review and approval. When ventilation is in place, the air quality is being periodically tested (29 CFR. Water skiers and wakeboarders are often seen on the lake in the morning when the water is smooth. What to bring: Water shoes are perfect, but if you don't mind getting your tennis shoes wet, why not! Near the marina, so if you want to get something to eat you can almost walk to it, but if you decide to do a picnic make sure to bring a bag for trash so that you can come back and enjoy it over and over again, and "DO NOT LEAVE YOUR TRASH BEHIND” as Lake Tahoe is consider bear friendly area, so some of these friends may drop by (we didn't spot any during our visit). The project proposes a new single parcel pier serving the residence located at 951 Fallen Leaf Road at Fallen Leaf Lake, California. Certified Fire Chief status may be achieved through the California. Fallen Leaf Lake is enjoyed by all kinds of boaters. ![]() I believe you should plan half day for this location. ![]() Some small natural pools that you can get in. the Caldor Fire, shrouds Fallen Leaf Lake near South Lake Tahoe, Calif. I recommend this as a spot for photo session as the rocks and waterfall are so soft and very easy to climb (no wheel chair access) and also large amount of flat surfaces to sit, stand and jump. Air quality has improved Monday morning at Lake Tahoe but more smoke and haze. Glen Alpine Falls, located "near" the Fallen Leaf Camping ground (about 4 miles from the entrance to the camping ground), it's a beautiful and peaceful area to just relax and enjoy nature. ![]() ![]() Measures you can take to prevent reselling include deactivating illegitimate keys. Publishers are then hit with fraud fees when the theft is discovered, enough to cripple in-game economies or their studio as a whole. ![]() Key resellers purchase game keys in bulk using stolen credit card information, then offload keys to gray market sites at reduced prices. Adding safeguards such as waiting periods for trades and blackouts for new accounts are good ground-level methods for cutting back on virtual item fraud. Other users open accounts with stolen credit cards and sell items on gray market sites. In titles where it’s possible to trade or sell in-game items, hackers have been known to steal legitimate accounts and sell off valuable items. Opening that digital storefront also invites account theft and laundering schemes, however, putting your business and your players’ security at risk. Selling virtual items has become a reliable go-to for publishers looking to keep revenue streams strong. 3 – Virtual items are hot, but also a hot fraud target If you’re pricing a catalog of cross-platform titles, be prepared to adjust the numbers and dramatically change monetization strategies so the up-front cost matches player expectations. By comparison, console gamers paid a little less than $50, and mobile players only forked over an average of $0.49. In 2017, the average price of a PC game was just over $22. They’re price-conscious, but not opposed to paying extra for a top-shelf gaming experience. Mobile players expect minimal charges for premium titles, while console gamers are willing to spend far more on even a simple release. 2 – Platform pricing mattersĮven if you release your games cross-platform, you shouldn’t set the same price for every system. A good monetization strategy, then, should include long-term efforts such as DLC, new virtual items, and other extras, some of which should be free. For paid releases, roughly a quarter of all digital gaming revenue on the PC platform comes from additional content sales. Afterward, players expect support patches and new content releases for months or even years. Releasing a game is only the first step in its life cycle. To help shape your team’s monetization and anti-fraud conversations, we’ve gathered a few of the most important tips below. The landscape changes rapidly, too, which means monetization efforts can never slip into the set-it-and-forget-it mindset. Publishers must consider monetization strategies across platforms, support games for months or years after release, and be diligent about fraud prevention. Today’s environment is far more complicated. In the days of physical-only releases and premium titles, teams only had to be concerned with what price tag was on the front of their game box. ![]() Monetization isn’t as straightforward as it used to be. ![]() ![]() Also, it comes in the beautiful RLR art, which I am still looking to get my hands on (it's about 75 USD right now). CARDFIGHT VANGUARD MASKED PHANTOM HARRI PALE MOON. However, the problem I personally have with this card is the stride skill, as the cost is to Soul Blast 1 which is not helpful early game, restricted to only calling out Magia units, which not all of my units are (I play only 7 G1 and 4 G2 with Magia, including Perfect Guards) and no Soul Charge or power like the old Harri.ĭespite the aspects I do not get along with, I still think Masked Phantom, Harri is good enough as it has a somewhat different niche compared to the old Harri. CFV V-SS09115EN RR Masked Phantom Harri V-SS09115EN Vanguard Revival Selecti. ![]() The GB2 still is also pretty helpful, as it allows for the player to gain back resources that can enable one to stride on their next turn, as usually at least 1 unit goes back into the soul at the end of the turn. One nice thing about this new Harri is that it adds one card to the soul immediately when ridden, allowing the player to filter the top 2 cards. Personally, I still feel that the old Harri is better, but this new Harri still has its uses. In November 2020, Masked Magician, Harri (V series) would introduce a brand new focus into the Pale Moon clan known as the Stage mechanic. If you do, choose a card with the magia ability from your soul, call it to (RC), and at the end of that turn, put that unit into your soul. (VC): When your G unit Stride during your turn, you may pay the cost. It's for this reason alone that Magia-Pale Moons an AMAZING matchup against control decks. ![]() :When this unit is placed on (VC), look at two cards from the top of your deck, put one card from among them into your soul, and put one card from among them on the bottom of your deck. Thursday, Budget Deck: Pale Moon (Harri) Welcome to the dream stage Magia-Pale Moons have the ability to set up a full board without using a single card in hand, then send them all back into the soul for safekeeping. ![]() If you do, choose a grade 3 card with the magia ability from your soul, and put it into your hand. The ability of of Masked Phantom, Harri is (VC) Generation Break 2: When your rear-guard is put into your soul, you may pay the cost. In the case of Magia Pale Moon, that would be Masked Phantom, Harri. As such, like many of the decks that arose from G, the main Grade 3 card was transformed and updated. ![]() So, any thoughts or opinions on the build would be great! Thanks.Within the third G character booster set, both Pale Moon and Granblue got support as they are the clans used by Luna and Am. Now, it's common for clans to struggle with either having a good first stride, a good finisher, or a good toolbox. I know it's not competitive and the build also seems forced as if I'm trying to just make sure I use the new cards instead of fluidity, but I can't wait until December for the English release so I thought it would be fun to use for casuals and fights with my friends and family:ġx Happiness Collector –or- Smiling Presenter Īlso I only got 1 Japanese Trial Deck so I couldn't MAX out on some cards, but I didn't want to buy 2 of the Japanese Trial Decks when I'm already getting 4 of the ENG ones in Dec. Pale Moon is deadass just the butt of G Era's stride mechanic's jokes. I bought the Japanese Trial Deck and wanted to integrate them with my current Cracking Beast Tamer build. So I can't hide my excitement for the new Pale Moon cards that are coming. ![]() ![]() ![]() Home Modulesĭocumentation generated by JSDoc 3.6. WebWorldWind can be found in the WebWorldWind 3rd-party notices and licenses NASAWorldWind/WebWorldWind also contains the following 3rd party Open SourceĪ complete listing of 3rd Party software notices and licenses included in Specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. The new version of WorldWind Java focuses on upgrading to Java 11 and JOGL 2.4 as well as a switch to Apache 2.0 license. The new version of Web WorldWind addresses potential vulnerabilities in the code and underlying packages. Under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES ORĬONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. Web WorldWind 0.10.0 and WorldWind Java 2.2.0 are now available on GitHub. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed Version 2.0 (the "License") you may not use this file except in compliance ![]() The NASAWorldWind/WebWorldWind platform is licensed under the Apache License, Npm run test:watch automatically runs WorldWind's unit tests when source code changesĬopyright 2003-2006, 2009, 2017, 2020 United States Government, as representedīy the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Npm run doc generates the WorldWind API documentation Npm install downloads WorldWind's dependencies The build is known to work with Node.js 12.18.0 LTS. Provides many simple examples showing how to use all of ![]() For novices on WorldWind,Ī Get Started tutorial is the place to go. You'll also find there links to many Web WorldWind resources, including a user guide. The Web WorldWind Developer's Guide has a complete description of Web WorldWind'sįunctionality. ![]() has setup instructions, developers guides, API documentation and more. High-resolution terrain and imagery is retrieved from remote servers automatically as needed, whileĮnabling developers to include their own custom terrain and imagery. Web WorldWind provides a geographic context, complete with terrain, and aĬollection for shapes for displaying and interacting with geographic or geo-located information in 3D and 2D in any A React component for interacting with the Web WorldWind virtual globe SDK from NASA and ESA. The European Space Agency has provided valuableĬontributions to this platform since 2015. Collaborate outside of code Explore All features. Back for Season 2, Dark Winds is a cop drama steeped in Navajo culture. Please direct questions to our new email virtual globe API in JavaScript for the web, developed by NASA. More information on the release can be found at these links: Web WorldWind 0.10.0 and WorldWind Java 2.2.0. WorldWind's API remains largely unchanged in this release and we are committed to maintaining a consistent API in future releases. Web WorldWind 0.10.0 and WorldWind Java 2.2.0 are now available on GitHub. World Wind is an open-source virtual globe first developed by NASA in. For more information on using NASA Worldview, click the "i" icon in the upper right hand corner for information and tutorials.Home Web WorldWind New versions of WorldWind released NASA World Wind and Google Earth are among the first generation of virtual globes.Type "GPM" or "IMERG" into the search box to view the GPM-related data layers.Click the "+" (plus) icon to begin the search for a new data layer.Use the "Layer Picker" panel on the left to add and remove layers of data.Click here to launch NASA Worldview How Do I View GPM Data? Browsing on tablet and smartphone devices is generally supported for mobile access to the imagery. Arctic and Antarctic views of several products are also available for a "full globe" perspective. It allows you to watch high-quality surface. This supports time-critical application areas such as wildfire management, air quality measurements, and flood monitoring. NASA World Wind for Windows 10 - software that provides the ability to view images of the Moon and the Earth. Many of the 600+ available products are updated within three hours of observation, essentially showing the entire Earth as it looks "right now". This tool from NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System ( EOSDIS) provides the capability to interactively browse global, full-resolution satellite imagery and then download the underlying data, including data from the Global Precipitation Measurement Missions. ![]() ![]() So every second, the pin voltage will fluctuate 200 times total: 100 rising clock edges and 100 falling clock edges.Ī clock cycle is generally treated as one full transition, so a 100Hz clock would generate 100 clock cycles per second. If you imagine a 100Hz clock, it is a device with a digital pin that transitions to logic high (+5 volts, for instance), and then back to logic low (0 volts, or ground) 100 times per second. Cartridge coprocessors will sometimes use the ~21MHz CPU oscillator and sometimes include their own oscillators that run at different frequencies.Ī clock is the core timing element of any system, and the SNES is designed to perform various tasks at certain frequencies and times. The SNES contains two oscillators: a crystal clock that runs at ~21MHz, which controls the CPU and PPUs and a ceramic resonator that runs at ~24MHz, which controls the SMP and DSP. We create tests that try to detect what happens on edge cases, then confirm that our emulation behaves identically to a real SNES. Multiplication is a fairly trivial operation, but this is the general process behind reverse engineering, and it extends to more complex operations such as how the SNES' horizontal blanking DMA (direct memory access) transfers work. Otherwise we'd have tests that would never complete. In cases like this, we would have to get more selective with our tests and try to determine exactly when flags might change, when results might overflow, and so forth. If the CPU had 32-bit x 32-bit multiplications, it wouldn’t be practical to test all combinations of inputs before the heat death of the universe (with current technology, at least). Testing every possible value would generate 4 billion results, which is starting to push what is practical to test in a reasonable amount of time. Now let's say the CPU had 16-bit x 16-bit multiplications. Then we could modify our emulators so, when running the same test, we produce exactly the same tables at the same times. Let's start by taking a look at the components that make up the SNES:īy analyzing these tables, we could determine exactly how and when the CPU results were set certain ways. ![]() If you're still intrigued, read on for a deep dive into the background of the problem and my proposed solutions. No stone was left unturned, no area left unfinished. I want this final piece solved so that I can feel confident in my retirement that the SNES has been faithfully and completely preserved through emulation. I'm getting older, and I won't be around forever. I can tell you why this is important to me: it's my life's work, and I don't want to have to say I came this close to finishing without getting the last piece of it right. As with any goal in life, the closer we get to perfection, the smaller the returns. If you're not interested in the pursuit of one hundred percent faithful emulation perfection for its own sake, I am not going to be able to convince you of the need for improving SNES PPU emulation further. The remaining issues are relatively small ones, in the grand scheme of things. We mostly know how the PPUs work, but we have to make guesses for some functionality that result in less than total perfection. The sole exception is the PPUs (picture processing units), which are used to generate the video frames sent to your screen. Today, we enjoy cycle-level accuracy for nearly every component of the SNES. So that's it, right? Kudos on a job well done, thanks for all the fish? Well. Dynamic rate control for perfect audio-video synchronization. ![]() Low-level emulation of all SNES coprocessors.Some amazing things have come out of SNES emulation recently, including: SNES emulation has gotten so precise that I've even taken to splitting my emulator into two versions: higan, which focuses on absolute accuracy and hardware documentation and bsnes, which focuses on performance, features, and ease of use. Barring unusual peripherals that are resistant to emulation (such as a light-sensor based golf club, an exercise bike, or a dial-up modem used to place real-money bets on live horse races in Japan), every officially licensed SNES title is fully playable, and no game is known to have any glaring issues. Today, SNES emulation is in a very good place. But first, let me recap how far we've come. Getting that final bit of emulation accuracy will require a community effort that I hope some of you can help with. We are now at a point where that goal is in sight, but there we face one last challenge: accurate cycle timing of the SNES video processors. Further Reading Accuracy takes power: one man’s 3GHz quest to build a perfect SNES emulatorAs the lead coder of bsnes, I've been attempting to perfect Super Nintendo emulation for the past 15 years. ![]() |
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